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Innovative Nanoparticle Drilling Fluid and Its Benefits to Horizontal or Extended Reach Drilling

"In horizontal or extended reach wells drilling, one key factor of limiting the well length is the drag between wellbore and drillstring, which restricts the whole efficiency of draining oil reservoir."
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Abstract

Development of new exploration, drilling and completion technologies in the past two decades have led to the opening of new plays in North America targeting unconventional resources. Lots of innovative drilling fluids have been developed and applied in the drilling and completion engineering. The demands encountered drilling highly deviated wells include the effective control of torque and drag. Therefore one of the applications of the innovative drilling fluids is to lower friction coefficient between drillstring and wellbore, which will reduce the drag and make it possible to drill longer horizontal or extended distances during horizontal or extended reach wells.

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This paper first briefly introduces the problems from the drag when drilling horizontal or extended reach wells, calculation of torque and drag with analytical models and the shortcomings of those models. Then addresses how the lower  friction coefficient from the innovative fluid will bring benefit to the horizontal or extended reach drilling, where finite element method (FEM) is introduced to analyze the interaction between the wellbore and drillstring. Finally three case studies are detailed and results are also analyzed.

The three examples are calculating the drag and torque along the entire drillstring, comparing the drag and torque with different friction coefficients with constant torque, buoyancy and downhole weight on bit, and obtaining the increment of horizontal section when using the innovative drilling fluid. The tension or compression force distribution along the entire drillstring is clearly shown through graphs or plotting. The results and analysis with FEM show that the low friction coefficient from the innovative drilling fluid has a great benefit in horizontal or extended reach drilling, increasing the current rig and equipment reach limit substantially.

The analysis method presented in this paper can provide a solid base for drilling engineers so that they can accurately estimate the extended reach with this new drilling fluid. It will improve the drilling efficiency and reduce the total cost, especially in unconventional well drilling in that less and longer wells can be used to drain the reservoirs.

Introduction

In horizontal or extended reach wells drilling, one key factor of limiting the well length is the drag between wellbore and drillstring, which restricts the whole efficiency of draining oil reservoir. The unexpected high friction may cause higher hookload while tripping out that reduces the life of equipment, shorten the well length substantially, and it may cause other challenging operation conditions. Development of new exploration, drilling and completion technologies in the past two decades have led to the opening of new plays in North America targeting unconventional resources. Innovative drilling fluid designs have been developed and applied in the drilling and completion engineering industry. Nanofluid is one of these innovative drilling fluids, where nanoparticles are added to the drilling mud. For example, a reduction in the friction coefficient of more than 25 percent was observed when adding nickel-based nanoparticles. Recent experiments have demonstrated that nanofluids have attractive properties for applications where heat transfer, drag reduction, binding ability for sand consolidation, gel formation, wettability alteration, and corrosive control is of interest(2007, Tran). A new method was presented to prevent stuck pipe or at least to decrease the probability while drilling of oil and gas wells using nanoparticles in drilling mud(2009, Paiaman). One of the challenges drilling highly deviated wells include the effective control of torque and drag. Therefore one of the main applications of the new innovative drilling fluids is to lower friction coefficient between drillstring and wellbore, which will reduce the drag and make it possible to drill longer horizontal or extended reach wells.

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